- Jika reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, ini disebut direct speech (kalimat langsung). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus ditandai dengan (tanda baca) koma.
- Jika reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya ini disebut indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung). Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported
Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
Direct
• John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
• Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
Indirect
• John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
• Siska says that the sun rises every morning.
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported
Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
Direct
• John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
• Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
Indirect
• John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
• Siska says that the sun rises every morning.
Dari
contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported
speech sebagai berikut :
Direct
Speech
Simple
present
Present
continuous
Present
perfect
Present
perfect continuous
Simple
past
Past
continuous
Future
Present
|
Indirect
Speech
Simple
past
Past
continuous
Past
perfect
Past
perfect continuous
Past
perfect
Past
perfect continuous
Past
Past
|
kecuali
:
Kalau
reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi
kebiasaan,
present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke
dalam
bentuk
lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanmya, contoh :
Direct Speech – Indirect
Speech
He said, “The sun rises in the
east” – He said that the sun rises in the east
Dalam
reported speech, bila present tense diubah ke dalam past tense dengan peraturan
I, kata sifat, kata kerja atau kata keterangan umumnya diubah:
Direct
Speech
this
= ini
these
= ini
come
= datang
here
= di sini, ke sini
hence
= dari sini
hither
= ke tempat ini
ago
= yang lalu
now
= sekarang
today
= hari ini
tomorrow
= besok
yesterday
= kemarin
last
night = tadi malam
next
week = minggu depan
thus
= begini
contoh
:
He
said, “I will come here”.
|
Indirect
Speech
that
= itu
those
= itu
go
= pergi
there
= di sana, ke sana
thence
= dari sana
thither
= ke tempat itu
before
= lebih dahulu
then
= pada waktu itu
that
day = hari itu
next
day = hari berikutnya
the
previous day = sehari sebelumnya
the
previous night = semalam sebelumnya
the
following week = minggu berikutnya
so
= begitu
He
said that he would go there
|
SOAL
1. ‘What do you want?’ she asked him.
2. ‘Are you coming with us?’ he asked me.
3. He asked, ‘When do you intend to make the payment?’
4. ‘Do you come from China?’ said the prince to the girl.
5. The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
2. ‘Are you coming with us?’ he asked me.
3. He asked, ‘When do you intend to make the payment?’
4. ‘Do you come from China?’ said the prince to the girl.
5. The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
6. ‘Which way should I go?’ asked the
little girl.
7. Alladin said to the magician, ‘What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment?’
8. ‘Don’t you know the way home?’ I said to her.
9. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ the teacher said to the student.
10. ‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ said the judge finally.
7. Alladin said to the magician, ‘What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment?’
8. ‘Don’t you know the way home?’ I said to her.
9. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ the teacher said to the student.
10. ‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ said the judge finally.
JAWABAN
1. She asked him what he wanted.
2. He asked me if I was coming/going with them.
3. He enquired when I/he/she intended to make the payment.
4. The prince asked the girl if she came from China.
5. The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help him.
6. The little girl asked which way she should go.
7. Alladin asked the magician what he had done to deserve so severe a punishment.
8. I asked her whether she did not know the way home.
9. The teacher asked the student if he/she wrote a good hand.
10. The judge finally asked whether he/she had anything to say on behalf of the accused.
2. He asked me if I was coming/going with them.
3. He enquired when I/he/she intended to make the payment.
4. The prince asked the girl if she came from China.
5. The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help him.
6. The little girl asked which way she should go.
7. Alladin asked the magician what he had done to deserve so severe a punishment.
8. I asked her whether she did not know the way home.
9. The teacher asked the student if he/she wrote a good hand.
10. The judge finally asked whether he/she had anything to say on behalf of the accused.
.
·
SUMBER:
http://gunturghadafi.blogspot.com/2012/04/ada-dua-cara-untuk-mengungkapkan-apa.html
§ SUMBER:http://irena040506.wordpress.com/2010/05/21/direct-and-indirect-speech/
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar